Hot to Cold Tumors: Regulations of MEX-3 Family Proteins
DOI: 10.29245/2578-3009/2025/1.1258 View / Download PdfKanglong Yang1#*, Lulu Zhu1#, Liang Zhang1*
1Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics; Hefei National Research Center for Cross-disciplinary Science; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) at the Root of Persistent Antigens and Long COVID
Apostolos P. Georgopoulos1,2*, Lisa M. James1,2,3 and Phillip K. Peterson4
1Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
2Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
3Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
4Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Here we offer a perspective on recent findings of persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigens in Long COVID1 through the lens of immunogenetic risk and protection, namely in the context of the fundamental role of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in eliminating viral infections. Specifically, we attribute the persistence of viral antigens to the lack or weak protection conferred by HLA against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals carrying HLA alleles with low binding affinities to the virus. We suggest that determining the HLA Class I and II makeup of Long COVID patients will provide valuable new information in elucidating the cause for antigen persistence underlying the development of Long COVID and pave the way for successful interventions.
DOI: 10.29245/2578-3009/2025/1.1257 View / Download Pdf